IP (short for Internet Protocol) specifies the technical format of packets and the addressing scheme for computers to communicate over a network. Most networks combine IP with a higher-level protocol called Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which establishes a virtual connection between a destination and a source. IP by itself can be compared to something like the postal system. It allows you to address a package and drop it in the system, but there's no direct link between you and the recipient. TCP/IP, on the other hand, establishes a connection between two hosts so that they can send messages back and forth for a period of time. There are currently two version of Internet Protocol (IP): IPv4 and a new version called IPv6. IPv6 is an evolutionary upgrade to the Internet Protocol. IPv6 will coexist with the older IPv4 for some time.
What is IPv4?
IPv4 (Internet Protocol Version 4) is the fourth revision of the Internet Protocol (IP) used to to identify devices on a network through an addressing system. The Internet Protocol is designed for use in interconnected systems of packet-switched computer communication networks (see RFC:791).
IPv4 is the most widely deployed Internet protocol used to connect devices to the Internet. IPv4 uses a 32-bit address scheme allowing for a total of 2^32 addresses (just over 4 billion addresses). With the growth of the Internet it is expected that the number of unused IPv4 addresses will eventually run out because every device -- including computers, smartphones and game consoles -- that connects to the Internet requires an address.
What is IPv6?
IPv6 (Internet Protocol Version 6) is also called IPng (Internet Protocol next generation) and it is the newest version of the Internet Protocol (IP) reviewed in the IETF standards committees to replace the current version of IPv4 (Internet Protocol Version 4).
IPv6 is the successor to Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4). It was designed as an evolutionary upgrade to the Internet Protocol and will, in fact, coexist with the older IPv4 for some time. IPv6 is designed to allow the Internet to grow steadily, both in terms of the number of hosts connected and the total amount of data traffic transmitted.
IPv6 is often referred to as the "next generation" Internet standard and has been under development now since the mid-1990s. IPv6 was born out of concern that the demand for IP addresses would exceed the available supply.
Now, What is the differences between IPv4 and IPv6?
1. FeaturesIPv4: The number using a 32 bit address so that the number of unique addresses that supported limited to 4,294,967,296 or over 4 billion IP addresses only. NAT is able to simply slow down the endless number of IPv4 addresses, but basically IPv4 only uses 32 bits so it can not offset the rate of growth of the internet world.
IPv6: Using 128 bit to support the 3.4 x 10 ^ 38 unique IP addresses. This massive amount more than sufficient to solve the problem of the limited number of IPv4 addresses permanently.
2. RoutingIPv4: routing performance declines with the growing size of routing tables. Cause examination MTU header in each router and switch hops.
IPv6: The routing process is far more efficient than its predecessor, IPv6 has the ability to manage large routing tables.
3. MobilityIPv4: Support to mobility limited by roaming capabilities when switching from one network to another.
IPv6: Meeting the needs of high mobility through roaming from one network to another network while still maintained the continuity of the connection. This feature supports the development of applications.
4. SecurityIPv4: Although commonly used in securing the IPv4 network, the IPsec header is an additional feature options on the standard IPv4.
IPv6: IPsec was developed in line with IPv6. IPsec header became mandatory in the standard features of IPv6 implementation.
5. Size of headerIPv4: 20 octet base header size plus the size of the header options that can vary.
IPv6: 40 octet fixed header size. A number of headers in IPv4, such as Identification, Flags, Fragment Offset, Header Checksum, and Padding has been modified.
6. Header checksumIPv4: There is a header checksum is examined by each switch (the device layer to 3), thus adding delay.
IPv6: The checksum is not done at the header level, but end-to-end. IPsec header has adequate security guarantees
7. FragmentationIPv4: Conducted at every router hop that slow down performance. The process becomes even longer if the data packet size exceeds the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) packet is fragmented before it put back together at the destination.
IPv6: Only performed by the host that sends packets of data. In addition, there are MTU discovery feature that determines the fragmentation of a more precise match the smallest MTU value contained in a network from end to end.
8. ConfigurationIPv4: When a host connected to a network, configuration is done manually.
IPv6: It has a stateless auto configuration feature whereby when a host connected to a network, configuration is done automatically.
9. Quality ServiceIPv4: Using mechanisms for best effort regardless of their needs.
IPv6: Wear mechanism best level of effort that ensures the quality of service. Header class traffic prioritizing data packet delivery based on the need for high speed or high latency level.
IPv6: Using 128 bit to support the 3.4 x 10 ^ 38 unique IP addresses. This massive amount more than sufficient to solve the problem of the limited number of IPv4 addresses permanently.
2. RoutingIPv4: routing performance declines with the growing size of routing tables. Cause examination MTU header in each router and switch hops.
IPv6: The routing process is far more efficient than its predecessor, IPv6 has the ability to manage large routing tables.
3. MobilityIPv4: Support to mobility limited by roaming capabilities when switching from one network to another.
IPv6: Meeting the needs of high mobility through roaming from one network to another network while still maintained the continuity of the connection. This feature supports the development of applications.
4. SecurityIPv4: Although commonly used in securing the IPv4 network, the IPsec header is an additional feature options on the standard IPv4.
IPv6: IPsec was developed in line with IPv6. IPsec header became mandatory in the standard features of IPv6 implementation.
5. Size of headerIPv4: 20 octet base header size plus the size of the header options that can vary.
IPv6: 40 octet fixed header size. A number of headers in IPv4, such as Identification, Flags, Fragment Offset, Header Checksum, and Padding has been modified.
6. Header checksumIPv4: There is a header checksum is examined by each switch (the device layer to 3), thus adding delay.
IPv6: The checksum is not done at the header level, but end-to-end. IPsec header has adequate security guarantees
7. FragmentationIPv4: Conducted at every router hop that slow down performance. The process becomes even longer if the data packet size exceeds the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) packet is fragmented before it put back together at the destination.
IPv6: Only performed by the host that sends packets of data. In addition, there are MTU discovery feature that determines the fragmentation of a more precise match the smallest MTU value contained in a network from end to end.
8. ConfigurationIPv4: When a host connected to a network, configuration is done manually.
IPv6: It has a stateless auto configuration feature whereby when a host connected to a network, configuration is done automatically.
9. Quality ServiceIPv4: Using mechanisms for best effort regardless of their needs.
IPv6: Wear mechanism best level of effort that ensures the quality of service. Header class traffic prioritizing data packet delivery based on the need for high speed or high latency level.
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